How people die from drinkingAs the news that Amy Winehouse died from alcohol poisoning traveled around the world Wednesday, some were shocked to hear exactly how much alcohol the late singer had in her system at the time of her death. According to a pathologist who testified during the inquest, Winehouse's blood-alcohol level was .416 when she died, more than five times the legal limit for driving. In both the United States and Britain, the legal limit to drive is .08.
Alcohol poisoning is caused by drinking a large amount of alcohol in a short period of time. It is not always fatal; depending on the person and the amount of alcohol consumed, alcohol poisoning may cause brain damage, liver damage, vomiting, nausea, or unconsciousness. Women are slightly more susceptible to alcohol poisoning than men, due to a lesser amount of fluid in their bodies. A person's age, weight, previous alcohol and drug experience, and the type of alcohol being consumed are all factors that may increase a person's chance for developing alcohol poisoning.
"You can drink alcohol faster than you can remove it from your body and that's when your blood-alcohol level goes up," says Robert Pandina, Ph.D., and the director of the Center for Alcohol Studies at Rutgers University.
According to the Mayo Clinic, it takes the body roughly one hour to metabolize a single drink but the definition of what constitutes a drink changes depending on the alcohol. A drink is defined as 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of 80-proof liquor. That means that if Winehouse had been drinking hard liquor before she died it would have taken her body much longer to metabolize that than if she had consumed the same quantity of beer or wine. It's worth noting that police searching Winehouse's home reported finding three empty vodka bottles but it's not known if that's what Winehouse drank.
"If you keep drinking alcohol, it's not going to get metabolized any faster just because you've consumed more of it," explains Pandina. "Metabolism happens at a fixed rate until all the alcohol is processed."
Pandina calculates that a woman weighing approximately 110 pounds would have to drink between 12 and 13 ounces of 80-proof liquor in an hour to reach a blood-alcohol level of 0.40.
"It's still a lot but it's far less than people may imagine," says Pandina.
But the effects of alcohol poisoning can be felt long before a person reaches that point. A person may need medical attention with a blood-alcohol level under 0.2. Vital functions may start to shut down before someone reaches 0.25. Death is possible with a blood-alcohol level of 0.3. And that's without prior liver damage from previous alcohol or drug use. A person with a damaged liver is at higher risk for catastrophic or fatal alcohol poisoning because his or her liver cannot effectively metabolize the alcohol.
"The message is very simply when you know someone has been drinking and drinking heavily, don't wait," says Pandina. "It's quite possible to revive individuals even at very high alcohol levels and keep them from having catastrophic effects."
"Call the rescue squad, get them on oxygen, get them to the hospital so they can be properly treated."
http://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2011/10/26/how-people-die-from-drinking/?hpt=hp_t2